Crypto Tax in the United States 2026: 0-37% Rate, Forms & Deadlines

Taxation of cryptocurrencies in the United States

In the United States, capital gains on cryptocurrencies are subject to tax. The calculation method used is FIFO with a rate of 0-37%. Understanding these rules is essential to stay compliant with tax legislation.

The FIFO method explained in detail

The FIFO (First-In-First-Out) method matches each sale with the oldest lots still held: the gain is the difference between the sale price and the purchase price of those lots. FIFO only sets the order in which lots are matched. What is taxable (sales, crypto-to-crypto swaps), the rate and any exemptions depend on the rules of the United States detailed in this guide.

Taxable events

• ●Sale of crypto for fiat currency (EUR, USD...)
• ●Payment for goods or services with cryptocurrencies
• ●Crypto-to-crypto swap (e.g. BTC → ETH)
• ●Converting to a stablecoin (USDT, USDC…)
• ●Receiving staking rewards: taxable as income at the time of receipt
• ●Airdrops and free tokens: generally taxable at the value upon receipt
• ●Mining income: taxable as business income or miscellaneous income
• ●Crypto-to-crypto exchange (in some countries only)
• ●Transfer between your own wallets
• ●Holding (HODL): holding without selling does not create any tax obligation (except in the Netherlands, Box 3)

Tax declaration procedure in the United States

You must declare your crypto capital gains on the following forms: Form 8949, Schedule D, 1040. We recommend keeping the complete history of your transactions as proof.

Exemption thresholds and allowances

We have not listed a quantified exemption threshold for crypto capital gains in the United States. The applicable regime (rate, holding period, possible exemption) is presented in the full guide. For comparison, other countries instead exempt gains based on the holding period: 12 months in Germany, 3 years in Czechia, 365 days in Portugal.

Deadlines and tax calendar

Each country has its own tax filing deadlines. The federal return is due by 15 April of the following year; an extension of time to file is possible, but not of time to pay. We strongly recommend preparing your crypto tax return in advance with Taxes Crypto rather than waiting until the last moment.

Penalties for non-declaration

Failing to declare your crypto capital gains can lead to significant penalties: tax surcharges, late-payment interest, and in serious cases, criminal prosecution for tax fraud. In the EU, the DAC8 directive gives tax administrations platform data on transactions made since 2026 (first exchanges by 30 September 2027 at the latest), which makes audits easier.

Tax treatment of crypto-to-crypto exchanges

In the United States, a crypto-to-crypto swap (e.g. BTC → ETH) is a taxable event: the gain is computed at each swap, even without converting to fiat. Every transaction must therefore be tracked and valued.

NFTs, DeFi and derivatives

In the United States, the 0-37% rate shown in this guide applies to disposals of crypto-assets; whether it applies to NFTs, DeFi income and derivatives depends on how they are classified, which is not documented here for each case. Regularly creating or selling NFTs may amount to a business activity.

Obligation to declare crypto accounts and wallets

In the United States, check whether digital-asset accounts opened with platforms established abroad must be reported: where it exists, this obligation is separate from reporting your gains. The OECD exchange framework (CARF) is being introduced on each country's own timetable.

Practical calculation examples in the United States

In the United States, a taxable gain of 10,000 $ is added to your other income for the year. It is then taxed at your marginal rate (0-37%), not a single flat rate.

Tax calendar and key dates in the United States

In the United States, crypto gains are reported via Form 8949, Schedule D, 1040. The federal return is due by 15 April of the following year; an extension of time to file is possible, but not of time to pay.

Specific tips for the United States

Crypto taxation in the United States has certain specificities that are important to know. The FIFO calculation method imposes a precise logic for determining the order of disposals. Investors should be particularly vigilant about the following: crypto-to-crypto exchanges may be taxable depending on the jurisdiction, airdrops and hard forks have specific tax treatment, and staking or mining income is generally considered taxable income upon receipt. In case of a change of tax residence, the rules of your new country apply for future transactions, but unrealised gains may be subject to an exit tax in certain cases. Consult a tax professional if your situation is complex.

Frequently asked questions about crypto tax in the United States

Crypto investors in the United States often have the same questions. Do I need to declare if I haven't sold? Generally, simply holding crypto assets is not taxable, but some countries require a wealth declaration. What happens if I forgot to declare in previous years? Most tax administrations allow voluntary regularisation, often with reduced penalties. How are NFTs taxed? Their tax treatment depends on the right attached to the token and is not always that of cryptocurrencies. The applicable rate in the United States is 0-37%, and the required forms are: Form 8949, Schedule D, 1040. Taxes Crypto automatically generates a report compatible with these forms to simplify your declaration.